CT-AI Pass-Sure Torrent - CT-AI Actual Braindumps & CT-AI Test Cram

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ISTQB CT-AI Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic	Details
Topic 1	Machine Learning ML: This section includes the classification and regression as part of supervised learning, explaining the factors involved in the selection of ML algorithms, and demonstrating underfitting and overfitting.
Topic 2	ML: Data: This section of the exam covers explaining the activities and challenges related to data preparation. It also covers how to test datasets create an ML model and recognize how poor data quality can cause problems with the resultant ML model.
Topic 3	Introduction to AI: This exam section covers topics such as the AI effect and how it influences the definition of AI. It covers how to distinguish between narrow AI, general AI, and super AI; moreover, the topics covered include describing how standards apply to AI-based systems.
Topic 4	Methods and Techniques for the Testing of AI-Based Systems: In this section, the focus is on explaining how the testing of ML systems can help prevent adversarial attacks and data poisoning.
Topic 5	systems from those required for conventional systems.
Topic 6	Quality Characteristics for AI-Based Systems: This section covers topics covered how to explain the importance of flexibility and adaptability as characteristics of AI-based systems and describes the vitality of managing evolution for AI-based systems. It also covers how to recall the characteristics that make it difficult to use AI-based systems in safety-related applications.
Topic 7	Test Environments for AI-Based Systems: This section is about factors that differentiate the test environments for AI-based
Topic 8	Neural Networks and Testing: This section of the exam covers defining the structure and function of a neural network including a DNN and the different coverage measures for neural networks.

>> Reliable CT-AI Test Topics <<

ISTQB Reliable CT-AI Test Topics: Certified Tester AI Testing Exam - CertkingdomPDF Training & Certification Courses for Professional

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ISTQB Certified Tester AI Testing Exam Sample Questions (Q10-Q15):

NEW QUESTION # 10
Which of the following problems would best be solved using the supervised learning category of regression?

A. Determining if an animal is a pig or a cow based on image recognition
B. Recognizing a knife in carry-on luggage at a security checkpoint in an airport scanner
C. Determining the optimal age for a chicken's egg-laying production using input data of the chicken's age and average daily egg production for one million chickens
D. Predicting shopper purchasing behavior based on the category of shopper and the positioning of promotional displays within a store

Answer: C

Explanation:
The syllabus states:
"Supervised learning... divides problems into two categories: classification and regression. Regression is used when the problem requires the ML model to predict a numeric output, for example predicting the age of a person based on their habits." (Reference: ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus v1.0, Section 3.1.1, Page 26 of 99)

NEW QUESTION # 11
Which ONE of the following describes a situation of back-to-back testing the LEAST?
SELECT ONE OPTION

A. Comparison of the results of a neural network ML model with a current decision tree ML model for the same data.
B. Comparison of the results of the current neural network ML model on the current data set with a slightly modified data set.
C. Comparison of the results of a current neural network model ML model implemented in platform A (for example Pytorch) with a similar neural network model ML model implemented in platform B (for example Tensorflow), for the same data.
D. Comparison of the results of a home-grown neural network model ML model with results in a neural network model implemented in a standard implementation (for example Pytorch) for same data

Answer: A

Explanation:
Back-to-back testing is a method where the same set of tests are run on multiple implementations of the system to compare their outputs. This type of testing is typically used to ensure consistency and correctness by comparing the outputs of different implementations under identical conditions. Let's analyze the options given:
A . Comparison of the results of a current neural network model ML model implemented in platform A (for example Pytorch) with a similar neural network model ML model implemented in platform B (for example Tensorflow), for the same data.
This option describes a scenario where two different implementations of the same type of model are being compared using the same dataset. This is a typical back-to-back testing situation.
B . Comparison of the results of a home-grown neural network model ML model with results in a neural network model implemented in a standard implementation (for example Pytorch) for the same data.
This option involves comparing a custom implementation with a standard implementation, which is also a typical back-to-back testing scenario to validate the custom model against a known benchmark.
C . Comparison of the results of a neural network ML model with a current decision tree ML model for the same data.
This option involves comparing two different types of models (a neural network and a decision tree). This is not a typical scenario for back-to-back testing because the models are inherently different and would not be expected to produce identical results even on the same data.
D . Comparison of the results of the current neural network ML model on the current data set with a slightly modified data set.
This option involves comparing the outputs of the same model on slightly different datasets. This could be seen as a form of robustness testing or sensitivity analysis, but not typical back-to-back testing as it doesn't involve comparing multiple implementations.
Based on this analysis, option C is the one that describes a situation of back-to-back testing the least because it compares two fundamentally different models, which is not the intent of back-to-back testing.

NEW QUESTION # 12
Which ONE of the following tests is LEAST likely to be performed during the ML model testing phase?
SELECT ONE OPTION

A. Testing the API of the service powered by the ML model.
B. Testing the speed of the training of the model.
C. Testing the speed of the prediction by the model.
D. Testing the accuracy of the classification model.

Answer: B

Explanation:
The question asks which test is least likely to be performed during the ML model testing phase. Let's consider each option:
* Testing the accuracy of the classification model (A): Accuracy testing is a fundamental part of the ML model testing phase. It ensures that the model correctly classifies the data as intended and meets the required performance metrics.
* Testing the API of the service powered by the ML model (B): Testing the API is crucial, especially if the ML model is deployed as part of a service. This ensures that the service integrates well with other systems and that the API performs as expected.
* Testing the speed of the training of the model (C): This is least likely to be part of the ML model testing phase. The speed of training is more relevant during the development phase when optimizing and tuning the model. During testing, the focus is more on the model's performance and behavior rather than how quickly it was trained.
* Testing the speed of the prediction by the model (D): Testing the speed of prediction is important to ensure that the model meets performance requirements in a production environment, especially for real- time applications.
References:
* ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus Section 3.2 on ML Workflow and Section 5 on ML Functional Performance Metrics discuss the focus of testing during the model testing phase, which includes accuracy and prediction speed but not the training speed.

NEW QUESTION # 13
A company is using a spam filter to attempt to identify which emails should be marked as spam. Detection rules are created by the filter that causes a message to be classified as spam. An attacker wishes to have all messages internal to the company be classified as spam. So, the attacker sends messages with obvious red flags in the body of the email and modifies the from portion of the email to make it appear that the emails have been sent by company members. The testers plan to use exploratory data analysis (EDA) to detect the attack and use this information to prevent future adversarial attacks.
How could EDA be used to detect this attack?

A. EDA cannot be used to detect the attack.
B. EDA can restrict how many inputs can be provided by unique users.
C. EDA can detect and remove the false emails.
D. EDA can help detect the outlier emails from the real emails.

Answer: D

Explanation:
Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) is an essential technique for examining datasets to uncover patterns, trends, and anomalies, including outliers. In this case, the attacker manipulates the spam filter by injecting emails with red flags and masking them as internal company emails. The primary goal of EDA here is to detect these adversarial modifications.
* Detecting Outliers:
* EDA techniques such as statistical analysis, clustering, and visualization can reveal patterns in email metadata (e.g., sender details, email content, frequency).
* Outlier detection methods like Z-score, IQR (Interquartile Range), or machine learning-based anomaly detection can identify emails that significantly deviate from typical internal communications.
* Identifying Distribution Shifts:
* By analyzing the frequency and characteristics of emails flagged as spam, testers can detect if the attack has introduced unusual patterns.
* If a surge of internal emails is suddenly classified as spam, EDA can help verify whether these classifications are consistent with historical data.
* Feature Analysis for Adversarial Patterns:
* EDA enables visualization techniques such as scatter plots or histograms to distinguish normal emails from manipulated ones.
* Examining email metadata (e.g., changes in headers, unusual wording in email bodies) can reveal adversarial tactics.
* Counteracting Adversarial Attacks:
* Once anomalies are identified, the spam filter's detection rules can be improved by retraining the model on corrected datasets.
* The adversarial examples can be added to the training data to enhance the robustness of the filter against future attacks.
* Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) is used to detect outliers and adversarial attacks."EDA is where data are examined for patterns, relationships, trends, and outliers. It involves the interactive, hypothesis-driven exploration of data."
* EDA can identify poisoned or manipulated data by detecting anomalies and distribution shifts.
"Testing to detect data poisoning is possible using EDA, as poisoned data may show up as outliers."
* EDA helps validate ML models and detect potential vulnerabilities."The use of exploratory techniques, primarily driven by data visualization, can help validate the ML algorithm being used, identify changes that result in efficient models, and leverage domain expertise." References from ISTQB Certified Tester AI Testing Study GuideThus,option A is the correct answer, as EDA is specifically useful for detecting outliers, which can help identify manipulated spam emails.

NEW QUESTION # 14
An airline has created a ML model to project fuel requirements for future flights. The model imports weather data such as wind speeds and temperatures, calculates flight routes based on historical routings from air traffic control, and estimates loads from average passenger and baggage weights. The model performed within an acceptable standard for the airline throughout the summer but as winter set in the load weights became less accurate. After some exploratory data analysis it became apparent that luggage weights were higher in the winter than in summer.
Which of the following statements BEST describes the problem and how it could have been prevented?

A. The model suffers from a lack of transparency and therefore should be regularly tested to ensure that any progressive errors are detected soon enough for the problem to be mitigated.
B. The model suffers from drift and therefore the performance standard should be eased until a newmodel with more transparency can be developed.
C. The model suffers from corruption and therefore should be reloaded into the computer system being used, preferably with a method of version control to prevent further changes.
D. The model suffers from drift and therefore should be regularly tested to ensure that any occurrences of drift are detected soon enough for the problem to be mitigated.

Answer: D

Explanation:
The problem described in the question is a classic case ofconcept drift. Concept drift occurs when the relationship between input variables and the output variable changes over time, leading to a decline in model accuracy.
In this scenario, theaverage passenger and baggage weightsused in the model changed due to seasonal variations, but the model was not updated accordingly. This resulted in inaccurate predictions for fuel requirements in the winter season. This is an example ofseasonal drift, where model behavior changes periodically due to recurring trends (e.g., higher luggage weights in winter compared to summer).
To prevent such problems:
* Themodel should be regularly testedfor concept drift against agreed ML functional performance criteria.
* Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)should be performed periodically to detect gradual changes in input distributions.
* Retraining of the modelwith updated training data should be done to maintain accuracy.
* If drift is detected, mitigation techniques such asincremental learning, retraining with new data, or adjusting model parametersshould be employed.
* Option B (Easing the performance standard instead of addressing drift): Lowering the performance standard is not a solution; it only masks the problem without fixing it. Instead, regular testing and retraining should be used to handle drift properly.
* Option C (Corruption and reloading the model): Model corruption is unrelated to this issue.
Corruption refers to accidental or malicious damage to the model or data, whereas this case is due to a changing data environment.
* Option D (Lack of transparency): Transparency refers to how understandable the model's decisions are, but the problem here is a change in data distributions, making drift the primary concern.
* ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus (Section 7.6: Testing for Concept Drift)
* "The operational environment can change over time without the trained model changing correspondingly. This phenomenon is known as concept drift and typically causes the outputs of the model to become increasingly less accurate and less useful."
* "Systems that may be prone to concept drift should be regularly tested against their agreed ML functional performance criteria to ensure that any occurrences of concept drift are detected soon enough for the problem to be mitigated."
* ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus (Section 7.7: Selecting a Test Approach for an ML System)
* "If concept drift is detected, it may be mitigated by retraining the system with up-to-date training data followed by confirmation testing, regression testing, and possibly A/B testing where the updated system must outperform the original system." Why Other Options Are Incorrect:Supporting References from ISTQB Certified Tester AI Testing Study Guide:Conclusion:Since the question describes a situation whereseasonal variations affected input data distributions, the correct answer isA: The model suffers from drift and therefore should be regularly tested to ensure that any occurrences of drift are detected soon enough for the problem to be mitigated.

NEW QUESTION # 15
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CT-AI PASS-SURE TORRENT - CT-AI ACTUAL BRAINDUMPS & CT-AI TEST CRAM

CT-AI Pass-Sure Torrent - CT-AI Actual Braindumps & CT-AI Test Cram